jefferson



(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 1.

T.E.JBFPBRS0N.

. Plow.

.No. 243,570. Patefntend June 28,1881.

Y(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 2.

. T. E. J.1:FPBRS01-1i Plow. No. 243,570. Patented June 28,1881.

Y .05 Wm;

M Pmnsnmuamgnm Humm nu (No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 3.

T.` E. JEFFERSON, Plow. Nm-243,570. Patented June 28,1881.

(No Model.) 6`Sheets-Sheet 6.

T.E.JBPPERSON. l jPl-ow.

No. 243,570. l Patented June 28,1881.

N4 PETERS, Ptmvumugnpmr, wnhingum ELC.

(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 6.

, T. E. JEFFERSON,

Plow.

No. 243,570. Patented June 28,1881.l

. UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS E. JEFFERSON, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

PLOW.

SPECIFICATION formingv part of Letters Patent No. 243,570, dated June28, 1881.

Application filed April 2'2, 1881.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, THoMAs E. JEFFERSON, ofBoston, in the county of Suffolk and State of` Massachusetts, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Plows; and I do herebydeclare that the followin gis a full, clear, and exact description ofthe invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which itappertainsto make and use the same, reference vbeing had to theaccompanying drawings,which form a part of this spocication.

My invention relates to a plow for ordinary and customary agriculturalpurposes; and the novelty consists in the construction and arrangementot' parts, as will be more fully hereinafter set forth, and specificallypointed out vin thc claims.

The objects of the invention are, tirst, to provide an improvement inrevolving pivotcd spring cutting-colters secured to the `beam of theplow and adapted to precede the share and moldboard in the line oftravelsecond, to provide a mold-board havin g means for pulverizing the soilbeing inverted, said means being operated to thus pulverize bytheinverting force of the mold-board, and being approximately ofthe samecurvature as the mold-board,

and being susceptible of adjustment at will;l

third, to provide revolving pulverizing wheels or harrows, which arethrown in or out ofinclined position as the plow is raised orrloweredautomatically; fourth, to provide a plow-point havin gent-away portionsand dovetailed arms which are adapted to tit into corresponding spacesin the mold-board, and an extreme point having a similar lip and armadapted to fit -into the plow-,pointand be secured thereto by beinghadto the accompanying d rawings,which form a part of thisspecification, and in which-f- (No model.)

Figure l is a side elevation, showing my invention from the mold-boardside and the swiveled spring-eolter; Fig. 2, the swiveled revolving,colter with a compound steel platespring; Fig. 3, a similar view with asingle plate-spring, the colter-arni extending beyond the pivotal pointand being secured to the spring-plate; Fig. 4, a top-plan view ofthecolter and its connections; Fig. 5, a side elevation ot' a modification;Fig. 6, a side elevation of the plow, beam, and attached colterplow;Figs. 7 and 9, detached views of' the colter-plow; Fig. 8, a top-planview ofthe moldboard with the colter-plow attached. Fig. l() -is a sideelevation, showing the means for ele-A vating the plow when attached toa sulky; Fig. 1l, arear eleva-tion, showing the automatic action betweenthe plow-raisin g mechanism and the revolving harrows; Fig. 12, a detailview of the rack-bar and spring means forlocking the beam in desiredposition; Figs. 13 and 14, removable knives secured to the mold-board;Fig. l5, a view ofthe mold-board having formed therein pulverizingngers;Fig. 16,'the mold.- board with the pulverizing-tingers removablysecuredthereto Fig. 17, the mold-board; with independent pulverizing-tin gers removably secured; Fig. 18, a detail view ot' one ofthe teethor fingers and the means4 for securing it, said linger, beingconcave-convex in transverse section; Fig. 19, a detail viewxoi' the,removablepoint and cxtreme point;Figs.,20 and 2l, detail views of the.two points, showing diferent modes of attachment; Fig. 22, the extremepoint as attached in Fig. 2l; and Fig. 23, a detail View, showing thejointed portions beveled, upon an enlarged scale. Figs. 24. and 25 Yaretop-plan views, and Figs. 26 and 27 are details.

Referring to the drawings, in which similar letters of referenceindicate like parts in all the figures. A represents a plow-beam adaptedto be used either in connection with a sulky, or otherwise, carrying theordinary share and a peculiar mold-board, A1, which will be herein-vafter described. The beam is perforated at a to receive a bracket,towhich is pivoted a bar, c', between one end of which and an arm of thebracket aspring, ax, operates with a constant force to holdthe said endof the bar a and the arm of the bracket apart.

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Operating loosely in the bar a is a vertical headed rod, ft2, which isreceived in an eye at the junction ot' the bifurcated legs of a frame,a3, between which is iournaled a shaft carrying a revolvingcutting-colter, as shown plainly in Fig. 1. By this construction it willbe observed that the spring a* allows the colter a4 to beelevatedwhen itpasses over obstructions, that the spring acts with a constant force tohold the colter in operating contact with the ground, and that thecolter is so swiveled as to turn upon the bolt a2 and accommodate itselfY to the curved line of travel as the plow is being turned, immediatelyresuming its position in front of the share as a new line of travel istaken.

In this construction the entire device is beneath the beam, and theimportant featurethe springmay be modified or changed at will.

For instance, I may employ double steel platesprings, as shown iu Fig.2, allowing the bolt in the beam to turn loosely, or the singleplatespring, as shown in Fig. 3, and, if desired, the arm 'a3 lnay beswiveled or pivoted, as shown in Fig. 5.

The mold-board is cut away, as shown at l in Fig. 19, to form a recess,and is provided with dovetailed recesses 2 upon its under side, and arms3, having beveled edges, as shown in an enlarged scale in Fig. 23. Asimilar constructionthat is, recesses 6 and arms 5 upon the plow-point4--in an opposite direction a1- lows the point to be secured to themold-board A', the portion 6 resting upon the cut-away portion 1 of thearms 3, and the arms 5 engagin g in the recesses 2, the beveled ordovetailed edges precluding the movement of the point in eitherdirection, as is clearly shown in Figs. 19, 20, 21, 22, and 23 of thedrawings.

Upon the under side of the point 4 is a socket and a recessi'ormed orcast therein, and upon the point is a cut-away portion, as seen at'10.The toe or outer point, 7, is provided with a similar cut-away portion,8, a dovetailed or beveled arm, 9, and a recessed extremity, 10. Thisextremity is received into the socket 11, and is held rigid by means ofa set-screw, 12, as seenin Figs. 21 and 6 and Fig. 1.

It will be observed that these connecting and locking portions are soadapted to each other that the point is readily attached and locked tothe mold-board and the outer point, 7,1ocked to the point 4, while atthe same time the general surface may retain an approximately evencontour, and the parts may have but a slightlyvarying thickness, if any.

The rear portion of the mold-board A is provided with fingers 14, castin one piece with the mold-board A', or secured thereto, as shown inFigs. 14, 16, and 17. In Figs. 13 and 14 I show adjustable removableknives, which would be serviceable in heavy, tenacious, or

Iclayey soil,while the fingers 14 shown in Figs.

15, 16, and 17 will operate efficiently in sandy loam or light soil.These fingers 14 are formed upon or secured to the mold-board in such amanner that their continuation may conform position at will.

approximately to the curvature of the board, and by dispensing with themetal which would in an ordinary solid mold-board occupy the spacesbetween the iin gers I am enabled to extend the mold-board farther backwith the same amount of metal, thus giving a greater curvature to themold-board, if needed, to insure the inversion of the soil withapproximately the same amount of draft, and at the same time pnlverize,cut, or disintegrate the soil.

It will be understood that'l the gist of this portion of my invention istoprovide a device by which I am enabled to utilize the side pressure ofa mold-board to pulverize the soil while being inverted, and to that endI employ such knives or fingers as may be required to cut or pulverizeand invert the diierent soil.

In Figs. 16 and'17 the teeth have shanks 15, which are inserted inloops17, and secured by means as shown in Fig. 16; but this construction maybe varied without departing from the principle or sacrificing theadvantages ot' my invention, the essential features of which are toutilize the side pressure required to invert the soil to pulverize thesame, as shown and set forth.

H represents a colter-plow having a continuous cutting-edge, both infront, ath, and, at h', upon the lower edge of the colter mold-board. Asshown in Fig. 6, the colter-plow is provided with arms hz, which areadjustably secured upon the land side ot' the share in such a manner asto allow the colter-plow to be given anyelevation or pitch desired atwill, according to the depth of the plow. -As shown in Fig. 6, the armsh2 operate in sockets h3, and a set-screw secures them in any desiredThe share may be cut away sufficiently to allow the attachment andpreserve the vertical plane for the edge, enough being cut away tocompensate for the thickness of the shank of the colter.

In Fig. 1 the share of the plow is cut away to form a dovetailed recess,in which operates the ange h6 of' the colter-plow H, (shown in Fig.9,)'s`aid ange being shaped to correspond with said recess and fitsnugly therein. (See Fig. 1.) The colter-plow may thus be secured to theshare or to the beam below the plane of the surface ofthe ground; but inany event the securing means will be sufficiently inward from thecutting-line ot' travel so as not to interfere with the landside orimpede the progress. (See Figs. 9) and S.)

It will be observed that the mold-board in this invention may beelongated or shortened at will by the pulverizin g devices 14, which ofthemselves may be adjusted to suit the exigencies of the occasion, asseen in Figs. 1, 10, 14, 16, 17, 26, and 27, and this mold-board may IOOIOS

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be thus adjustably elongated or shortened at ing and to proportionatelygovern the effective inversion of the soil.

As heretofore described, the beam, share, and col ters are an entirety,and may be used in any proper manner and with any proper connections;but it is especially applicable and efficient in relation to a sulky, aswill presently he described. A

A single riding-wheel, X, having a colter or cutting-flange',a:, is hungupon an axle, L, upon which is hung a vertical frame, G', in which isjournaled a crank-shaft, C, as shown.

From the horizontal free portion of the crank-shaft C is looselysuspended a rectangular loop, B, to which the beam A is secured in anysuitable manner.

Operating in the frame C is a vertical rod, E, having collars e, sodistanced in relation to each other and'to the frame C as to allow aspiral spring or its equivalent, e', to be inserted between the collarand the frame, both above and below. The rod E is provided upon one sidewith ratchets E', (see Fig. 12,) and a lockin g-bar, F, havin gcollar j"operated by a pedallever, f, within convenient reach of the driver,

is vheld with a constant force in such contact with the ratchet E as tolock the plow-beam in any desired vertical position. Whilethelocking-rod E E is secured to the plow-beam, the springs e allow avertical play to the beam, in

. cases of obstruction, to a limited extent.

The crank-shaft C is rigidly connected with a lever, (l2, within easyreach of the driver, by which the plowis raised or lowered at will, andto this lever C2 is secured a lever, D, which is connected rigidly witha horizontal rock-shaft, D', carrying a bevel-gear, d, which meshes witha bevel-gear, d', upon a vertical shaft, d2, rigid with a frame, d3, inwhich is jourualed a shaft carrying .pulverizing-disks d4. These disksserve to pulverize the soil upon the plowed land, and by their inclinewhen the plow is in operation to relieve the pressure upon the landside.

YWhen the plow is elevated out of operation by means of the levers C2the bevel-gears, through the leverD and rock-shaft D', serve toturn thedisks d4 in the line oftravel,for con- -venient transportation.

.and the wheel is so arranged in relation to the cutting-edge of theplow that the said flange a: will not only mark a line of direction forthe succeeding furrow,'but itwill act as a colter to sever the tenaciousroots of the sod. This con- .struction is shown in Fig. l1; but thissingle -tlanged riding-wheel X may be brought into such juxtaposition tothe plowas toefliciently cut the sod, asa colter approximately in frontof the plow, by means of proper adjustability, as shown in Fig. 25 as amodication.

An adjustable frame, M, is secured to the frame C by rods m, as shown inFig. 10, and the barrow-disks d4 may be ooncavo-convex in form, ifdesired, as shown in Fig. 11.

The dotted lines in Fig. 10 illustrate the plow-beam elevated and thebraces m at an angle. The draft being attached to the point o, it isevident kthat as the lock F is released (see Fig. l2) the draft willtend to pull the plow into the soil as soon as it touches, and that itwill exert its greatest force as the plow is farthest from the directline of draft, above or below. The plow is so positioned as to be mosteffective when the line of draft is in a horizontal plane, and if fromobstructions or other cause the plow is forced up or down, the drafttends to limit such deflection and serves to bring the plow back to anormalposition.

When it is not desired to harrow the ground the disks d4 may be removedand any suitable riding means substituted. (See Fig. 25.)

The draft-connection is made at the point o by ordinary clevis, singleor double tree O, and il will be observed that the draft will serve toforce the plow intothe soil by rea-son of the horizontal line of draftbeing upon an approximate plane with the axle L, and also that the plowcould not slide idly over the ground without overcoming the gravity ofthe entire apparatus.

I consider the mold-board of great importance in this invention, as itmay be so graduated in length in relation to the depth of furrow as toinsurethe inversion of the soil, and thus consequently multiply andincrease the effective capacity of the plow.Y For instance, theelongation of the mold-board will allow the plow to operate deeply inthe furrow and still insure the inversion of the soil, and the shallowplowing to be similarly accommodated by shortening the same.Thisadjustment of the moldboard vis made readily, andthe velongatingportion may be of any desired construction and applied by any suitablemeans, the gist of this part of the invention being to elongate Vorshorten the mold-board, so as to insure the inversion of the furrow atwhatever depth the plow may be operated, the said plow being thusmodified by any proper and efficient devices. To this end the elongatingportion may be constructed to operate upon different kinds of soil andbe removable at will, substituted, or replaced, as desired.

It is obvious that various modifications in details of construction maybe made without departing from the principle of my invention orsacrificing the advantages thereof. For instance, the revolving coltera4 may bel swiv eled, as shown in Fig. 5; the mold-board may be suppliedwith lingers, teeth, or the like,

which are removable or adjustable at will; the

colter-plow be attached in any proper manner to the land side of theshare; the barrow-disks be operated, as described, either simultaneAouslywith or by separate means from those which operate the plow, andthe springs be arrangedin any manner which will allow aproper play ofthe plow-beam without affecting cit-her the carriage or plowindependently.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1 A mold-board having its rear portion cut away, as shown, to extend thelength or curvature of the mold-board and more efficiently invert thefurrow with the same or less amount of metal, forming fingers which alsoserve to pulverize or disintegrate the furrow with approXimately thesame draft-power, as specified.

2. A cut-away mold-board having holdingsockets and set-screws, or theirequivalents, combined with cutting-knives secured thereto at any desiredpoint of extension, and adapted to serve the double purpose of extendingthe curvature of the mold-board, to insure the turning of the furrow,and to cut the tenacious soil or sod, as specified.

3. A cut-away mold-board having holding means, and providedwithindependent teeth of concavo-convex form in transverse section, and eachadjustably secured thereto by a set-screw or the like, as and for thepurposes set forth.

4. The colter-plow Il, having continuous cutting-edge It h and arms h2,combined with the sockets h3 and set-screws h4, said sockets and screwsupon the land side in rear of thc line of travel, as shown and setforth.

5. The plowshare A', cut away upon its forward surface at a", incombination with the jointer H, provided with dovetailed ange h6, as andfor the purposes specified.

6. In a sulky-plow, a riding or land wheel having a holding-flan ge,combined with adjustable barrow-disks, as and for the purposes setforth.

7. A sulky for plows having a single ridingwheel upon the land side andbarrow-disks upon the furrow side, said disks being capa'- ble of bein gconverted into transporting-wheels at will, as herein specified.

8. In a sulky-plow, the harrow-disks operated automatically to serve aspulverizers or transporting means as the plow is in or out of service,as specified. f l

9. A sulky-plow in combination with harrow-disks operated automaticallyto serve together in action, said disks serving as bearingwheels whennot in service, combined with operating means, substantially as setforth.

10. The combination of the plow A A and barrow-disks d* d3 with thecrank-lever() C2, lever I), rock-shaft D', and bevel-gears, orequivalent means for simultaneously placing the disks and plow in-andout of operation, as set forth. A

11. In a sulky-plow, the loose loop B, combined with the elbow-cranklever C, spring-rod Ff, and rack-bar E E', and plow-beam A, as and forthe purposes set forth.

12. In a sulky-plow, the combination of the wheel and plow-beam with thesprings c e', or their equivalents, upon the rod E, acting with aconstant force in reverse directions to allow either the plow or wheelto ride over obstructions without disturbing the other or affecting theline of travel, as specified.

13. In a sulky-plow, the combination of the beam A and wheel with thebail B and the springs b I), or their equivalents, acting in reversehorizontal directions to allowlateral play to the beam withoutdisturbing the line of travel or affecting the wheel as the plow passesobstructions, as set forth.

14. In a sulky-plow,tl1e combination ofthe beam A, wheel X x, bail B,and rod E with the springs c b, or their equivalents, as and for thepurposes Set forth.

15. The vertical ratcheted rod E, having collars e, combined with theframe C', the plow, the carriage, and the duplex springs, and with themeans for regulating the depth ot' furrow, as specified.

16. The combination of the draft-bar M, or its equivalent, havingsuitable draft attachment, with the plow and the sulky-frame, by meansof which construction the plow is forced into the soil by reason of thedraft, as specified.

17. The combination of the braces m, connecting the draft mechanism Moand the plowbeam, with the sulky-frame, wherebyavertical parallelrelation between the said part m and' frame is always maintained, andthe draft exerts a constant influence, both up and down, to hold theplow in its most operative position, as herein specified.

18. In a sulky-plow, the combination ofthe barrow-disks d4 with th'epulveriZing-fingers upon the mold-board, each being so inclined from theplane of the line of travel that the' side pressure of either willapproximately' counteract the opposite side pressure ot' the other, asherein specified.

19. A revolving colter swiveled to aframe or beam and held in contactwith the soil by the constant force of a spring, in combination with theplow-beam, whereby lateral and vertical play is afforded to the colter,substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

20. In a plowshare, the dovetailed spaces 2, lip-spaces l, and arms 3,combined with an intermediate point having corresponding connections,and the whole adapted to serve as and for the purposes set forth.

21. The share A', having spaces l 2 and arms 3, dovetailed or otherwise,combined with an intermediate point, 4, and a toe-point, 7, and withconnecting devices 5, 6, 8, 9,10, and 11, and holding means 12, as andfor the purposes set forth.

23. In a plow, a revolving colter, swiveled or jointed to the plow bycompound joints, and provided with a spring, in combination with v theplow-beam, whereby the colter will accommodate itself to the sweep ofthe plowin turning without wrenching the colter while in the IOO IOS

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v ground, and will be lheld in constant contact with the; soil by theforce of the spring, as specified.

23. Alever,D,and connections D d d/,combined with lever C2 andbarrow-disks d4, and adapted to throw said disks into service as harrowsor transporting means at will, asand for the purposes set forth.

24. The toe-point 7, having cut-away portions 8 and 10 and arm 9, withbeveled edges,

combined with a share or intermediate point having corresponding recess,substantially as shown and set forth.

25. 'Ihe toe-point 7, having cut-away portions 8 10 and beveled arm 9,combined with the share A or point 4, and with lateral setscrew 17,operating through loop or lugs 11, as and for the purposes set forth.

26. The combination of the frame C with the bail or loop B, suspendedtherefrom, and side springs, b, or their equivalents, and with the beamA, as and for the purposes set forth.

27. In a plow, a mold-board having sockets or other holding devices atits rear end, in combination with adjustable and removable extensions,as 14 Y, and susceptible of being elongated, contracted, or removed toinsure the inversion of thefurrow, whatever the depth, as specified. v

28. -The revolving colter, combined with the beam, and attached theretoby a compound swivel, as shown in Fig. 5, and for the purposes setforth.

29. In a sulky-plow, the bearing-wheel X, having flange adapted to serveas a colter to the furrow being turned, as a means for resisting sidepressure, and as a riding means, as shown in Fig. 25, and also adaptedto serve as a marker and colter for the succeeding furrow, a ridingmeans, and a means for resisting side pressure while traversing theland, as shown in Fig. 24, substantially as herein set forth.

30. In combination with the plow-beam, the revolving colter, attachedthereto by the compound swivel-joints a a2, and provided With a springor springs, substantially as shown and described.

31. The combination of the draft mechanism, the rod E, and springs withthe beam A, whereby boththe springs and draft serve to hold the plow inits most effective position by a constant force, and to return itthereto after displacement, as specified.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto affixedmy signature in presenceiof two witnesses.

THOS. E. JEFFERSON.

Witnesses:

T. WALTER FowLER, H. CLAY SMITH.

